reclaimer4u@netscape.net

Disclaimer: I am not an attorney and do not practice law. The following is offered solely for educational and information purposes and is not to be construed as offering legal advice. Should questions arise, please consult your Lawgiver and seek competent

Effective counsel.

As there are several definitions of the word "Patriot" I personally construe the meaning to be one who loves and defends, not just with words but with appropriate action, the Creator endowed Rights of Life, Liberty, and Property of family and Country - against all enemies and tyrants, foreign and domestic, and living under God's Law; not to be mistaken for "patrioteer" as that term means one who makes an ostentatious show of patriotism from venal or degraded motives: an insincere, misguided, or spurious patriot.

As all man's law is primarily territorial and in personum in nature that establishes jurisdiction, it is essential to know whether you, in your particular fact circumstance, are liable for or obligated to obey any specific law, statute, ordinance, rule or regulation.

Also, it is essential to know the difference between a law and a rule/regulation as to who, how and what activities it applies to and operates on. It is your duty to inquire through due diligence your own determination, from primary sources, of what applies to your fact circumstance and status. For the purposes herein, I assume I am speaking to native born Americans, living and working here at home in the private sector.

Law is a Weapon and Words are the Ammunition!

The importance of understanding the legal meaning of the following words and phrases cannot be overemphasized as many of them are used by members of the private, closed shop labor guild, Bar Association, law writers, a.k.a. "Word Wizards engaged in Semantic Sorcery," as tools of entrapment to voluntarily waive your God-given unalienable Rights due to ignorance. "Term" is a word or phrase, particularly one that possesses a fixed and known meaning in some science, art, or profession; also known as a "word of art." The two most used "terms" are: "persons" and "taxpayers," both of which are defined as legal fictions. Are you real [flesh & blood Man/Woman-creation of God] or a fiction [e.g., corporation-creation by the state]? Your actions or silence [failure to object or rebut a presumption] determine which! Do you "claim" to be free then why do you labor half the year for the private bank [Federal Reserve] owners?

Slavery and Involuntary Servitude is Constitutionally and Statutorily prohibited but there is no law against self-imposed voluntary servitude. In law, Failure to Object is fatal-Failure to Object timely is equally fatal [to your Liberty & Freedom].

Your Silence when you find Your Rights under Assault is Your Consent to Tyranny and Slavery! For You and Family to be a Victim of Government Abuse or Not - is by Your Choice!

The remedy to Reclaim Your Rights is a Properly Constructed NOTICE And Affidavit of Non-response!

Liberty is the Right to Choose.

Freedom results in making the Right Choices! Anon.

Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. 5:21

Definitions shall be from Black's Law Dictionary, Fourth Edition, West Group, St. Paul, Minn., 1968, cited as Black's 4th unless otherwise noted, i.e., Black's 7th. Where abbreviations are used: U.S.C. means United States Code, e.g. 26 U.S.C. 7701; CFR means Code of Federal Regulations, e.g., 26 CFR 1.861-8; FR means Federal Register, e.g., 47 FR 10,250, U.S. means United States Supreme Court case, e.g., Hale v. Henkle, 201 U.S. 43 ;

Let's begin with that most used term of entrapment, person: A man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the right to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duties which it imposes. Term may include artificial beings, as corporations; ...relating to taxation and the revenue laws; Corporations are "persons" as that word is used in the first clause of the XIVth Amendment; ... A person is such, not because he is human, but because rights and duties are ascribed to him1. The person is the legal subject or substance of which the rights and duties are Attributes. An individual human being considered as having such attributes is what lawyers call a natural person. [citations omitted] Black's 4th. [Emphasis added] 1 Notice how the "word wizards" didn't mention 'what rights' or 'what duties' and particularly, ascribed by whom. By omissions, I construe the term 'natural person' to read 'natural artificial beings' [created by the state].

Now let's look at the origin of the word, person: [ME persone, person, persoun, fr. OF persone, persoune, fr. L persona mask (esp. one worn by an actor), actor, role, character, person, prob. fr. Etruscan phersu mask] 2 archaic: a character or part in or as if in a play : a particular manifestation of individual character whether real or fictional : GUISE, SEMBLANCE. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., 1964.

The state [government] is a legal fiction [artificial person] and cannot speak to a flesh and blood Man or Woman, only another legal fiction. Now you know why the "word wizards" had to create an alter ego fiction for the real you. Look at your Driver's License, Credit Card, bank statement, court documents, or most government letters how they are addressed to you, with your name in ALL CAPITALS. Nowhere in proper English language construction, including the U.S. Styles Manual, will you find this - the only place in town this is to be found is on headstones in graveyards. Could the hidden meaning of this be that you are considered 'civilly' dead? More on that later.

Don't miss Part 2 as you may be in for some surprises - re. Income Tax. Common Law Copyright by David Layton Wilson, October 24, A.D. 2004

A Wake Up Call

10-4-04 By Dave Wilson

To Pastors, Elders, Deacons and members of

All Christian Churches

Was it necessary for your church to ask the state's permission for the privilege of existing as an artificial entity [nonprofit corporation]? And then file Form SS-4 for an Employer Identification Number?

Was it necessary for your Board of Directors to file an IRS Form 1023, Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, for contributions [and tithes] to be tax deductible on members' IRS Tax Returns?

NO!

If so, and it is, then WHY?

The IRS answers this on page 4 of Instructions for Form 1023, thusly; "An organization cannot rely on the advice of a qualified tax professional if it knows or should know that he or she is not competent to render advice on filing exemption applications or is not aware of all the relevant facts." [underline emphasis added]

The relevant facts are that churches were automatically tax exempt then as now and that contributions were automatically tax deductible then as now.

Churches have been Deceived by Omission of Material Facts

by their Professional Advisors

If you are vexed by Pastors being state Censored in their Sermons, Newsletters, email and websites; fearful of being victimized by IRS informers monitoring every word - there is a remedy and that remedy lies in each of you:

Petition Your Church Officers to Reclaim the Sovereignty of Jesus Christ as Head of Your Church

The legal definition of "church" as found in Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed., states: "In its most general sense, the religious society founded and established by Jesus Christ, to receive, preserve, and propagate his doctrines and ordinances;" and of "Christian," "Pertaining to Jesus Christ or the religion founded by him; professing Christianity. As a noun, it signifies one who accepts and professes to live by the doctrines and principles of the Christian religion; it does not include Mohammedans, Jews, pagans, or infidels;" and of "reclaim," "To claim or demand back; to ask for the return or restoration of a thing; to insist upon one's right to recover that which was one's own, but was parted with conditionally or mistakenly; as, to reclaim goods which were obtained from one under false pretenses.

The Remedy – Dissolve the corporation. Revoke 501 (c)(3) status.

Free Your Church from State Servitude as Idolatry

FAQ's

How will this effect church finances and contributions?

Should have no effect as long as procedurally correct paperwork is timely filed.

What are the effects of maintaining the status quo?

When benefits of the state are accepted when conditionally offered, a silent contract comes into effect you are not aware of that demands reciprocity. That reciprocity is compliance with whatever the state determines to be "public policy," and "politically correct." When such benefits of permission to engage in 'Caesar's Commerce' are accepted, any claim under the "establishment clause" and "freedom of speech" of Article I of the Bill of Rights is waived.

In reality, the Church has become duped into a quasi-state instrumentality, rendering unto 'Caesar' that which is NOT Caesar's – an assembly of Believers in God's image.

In reality, surrendering your children to the absolute control of the state, particularly if your church has a day care or school – to the detriment of parental authority and the church.

In fact, to remain silent in light of the Truth is your admission and consent to all false presumptions. Unrebutted presumptions stand as true.

And to remain silent now is your future consent to be ruled and taxed by the atheist collectivist dominated United Nations imposing their version of a one world religion – and that religion doesn't include Jesus Christ.

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. Hosea 4:6 [AKJV]

No man can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Jesus speaking, St. Matthew 6:24

Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. Galatians 5:1

Please see attached Model Petition.

For further info./assistance; David Layton Wilson: libertydave@cox-internet.com

Disclaimer: David Layton Wilson is not an attorney, does not practice law, or offer legal advice, however, does invoke the written Constitution of the State of Arkansas of 1874, Article II, Section 6, as his authority; "The liberty of the press shall forever remain inviolate. The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man; and all persons may freely write and publish their sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such rights." And provided in Section 29, ...all laws contrary shall be void. Notice: The model forms posted are under common-law copyright, for education and information, require permission of the author for personal use only, for a nominal donation, and users agree to hold harmless the author, Frank Whalen, and James Farnum, the owner and webmaster of this website for use of any information herein as it is each one's responsibility through due diligence to confirm and verify for themselves applicability to their own fact circumstance.

Assume nothing and take nothing for granted, as "laws" are constantly changing, particularly since March 9, 1933 and 9-11-01. Contact David Layton Wilson at reclaimer4u@netscape.net

Recitals: David Layton Wilson is not "in commerce," not "in business," and is not to be construed as "commercial," "merchant," or any legal fiction such as "person," "taxpayer." He manages and governs his affairs under the laws of Almighty God and constitutionally secured unlimited Right to Contract with private parties to exchange intellectual and/or physical labor for money wherein there is no gain or profit.

Further, David Layton Wilson is not a "tax-protester" or "anti-government" as he has the highest regard for lawful government and lawful taxation and considers the Internal Revenue Code to be constitutional as written, however, holds in utmost contempt the overt or covert misapplication of any law to the detriment of The Bill of Rights, Arkansas Declaration of Rights, the Doctrines of Separation of Powers and Public Servant Accountability to the people, especially the Judiciary, a.k.a. Bar Association members. Also held in contempt are all civil officers, elected or appointed, that openly or silently violate their Oath of Office or have taken no such Oath; those that compromise the sovereignty of my country to any foreign power; and all those that engage in deceit, word trickery or otherwise, under color-of-law, to defraud and betray their fellow man.

The material and documents here are offered to all for educational and information purposes with the fervent hope and prayer that this nation, as a people, The united States of America, return to its original values as a Constitutional Republic, "One Nation Under Almighty God" where no man is above the law [except a juror] and no man is below the law, common law, that is. As it is His Higher Authority that endowed us all with un-alien-able Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property, the most ancient and sacred Right of Man is the right to labor and enjoy the fruits thereof unencumbered. All three, Life - Liberty - Property are mutually inclusive. To lose one you lose them all. Freedom is like pregnancy - either you is or you ain't! Any attempt to deny existence is to deny Truth is to deny Reality and mental wards are full of those that failed to realize their own true nature as a child of Almighty God under His Laws, not man's laws. The flip side of the coin of Freedom is Responsibility - taking the responsibility for your own Health and Wealth in your own hands and stop acting like you're incompetant to manage your own affairs. Government is like a horse – either you ride it or it will ride you! Your choice.

Civics 101, Part 2 For True Patriots

By Dave Wilson

More Legal Definitions

The object of Part 2 is to answer several fundamental questions that determine whether or not you are really free and independent as secured by Article II, 2 and 29 of the Arkansas Constitution of 1874: Not subject to legal constraint of another. Unconstrained; having power to follow the dictates of his own will. Not subject to the dominion of another. Not compelled to involuntary servitude.

Used in this sense as opposed to "slave." Confined to the person possessing, instead of being shared with others. Not engaged in a war as belligerent or ally; neutral; Black's 4th.

Not despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; said of governments, institutions, etc. Webster

independent: Â Not dependent; not subject to control, restriction, modification, or limitation from a given outside source.

We come now to the legal definition of procuration: Agency; proxy; the act of constituting another one's attorney in fact. The act by which one person gives power to another to act in his place, as he could do himself. Action under a power of attorney or other constitution of agency. An express procuration is one made by the express [written] consent of the parties. An implied or tacit procuration takes place when an individual sees another managing his affairs and does not interfere to prevent it. Procurations are also divided into those which contain absolute power, or a general authority, and those which give only limited power. Black's 4th.

Now, think back to that first job and for some of us that is quite some time ago. In my case I was only 14 years old when handed an IRS Form W-4 to sign. But first I was told I had to sign a Social Security Administration Form SS-5 to get a "number" [SSN] to put on the W-4.

All this just to work part time for a one-man company. And not knowing any better I signed the forms. At that very instant, the Big Lie began that stalked me for 50 years confiscating a considerable part of the fruits of my private labor to be transferred to someone of another generation via the F.I.C.A. [Federal Insurance Contributions Act] tax, until I learned by investigative law research that I had been deceived [lied to] - and this is Fraud. In the first place, as an American National by birthright, living and working in the private sector in one of the several states, parties to the Constitution for the united States of America, lawfully amended, there is no law making it mandatory to have an SSN. An SSN is only assigned to aliens entering the U.S. legally and others [citizens] making application for benefits.

In reality, by signing the Social Security Administration Form SS-5, I not only volunteered to fork over a continuously increasing [over 50 years by Congress] portion of the fruits of my labor to someone else but was deemed to be incompetent [infant or imbecile] to manage my own affairs to provide for myself in old age.

No law compelled me to have a SSN to work in the private sector. The IRS administers eight classes of taxes. The 'income tax' is a Class 2 tax while the Form W-4 is shown to be a Class 5 tax. A Class 5 tax only pertains to Estate and Gift taxes. Oh, now I see. I was led to believe I had to sign a Form W-4 to work when in reality I was volunteering to send a gift to the government. And so is that why several IRS Commissioners and their own publications have stated, " Our system of taxation is voluntary assessment." Why is that? Because involuntary servitude is Constitutionally prohibited! And this leads us to four more legal definitions:

involuntary. Without will or power of choice; opposed to volition or desire. An involuntary act is that which is performed with constraint (q.v.) or with repugnance, or without the will to do it. An action is involuntary, then, which is performed under duress. involuntary servitude. The condition of one who is compelled by force,

coercion, or imprisonment, and against his will, to labor for another, whether he is paid or not.

servitude. The Condition of being Bound to Service. The state of a person who is subjected, voluntarily or otherwise, to another person as his servant. A Charge or Burden. A charge or burden resting upon one estate for the benefit or advantage of another; a species of incorporeal right derived from the civil law (see Servitus) and closely corresponding to the "easement" of the common-law, except that "servitude" rather has relation to the burden or the estate burdened, while "easement" refers to the benefit or advantage or the estate to which it accrues.

servitus. Lat. In the civil law. Slavery; bondage; the state of service. An institution of the conventional law of nations, by which one person is subjected to the dominion of another, contrary to natural right. The above definitions are from Black's 4th.

And now we know how tacit procuration operated to enslave the vast majority of an entire nation by paying a tax [income] they are not liable for or owe. The average 'Joe' and 'Jane' were silent as they did not know how to respond to unlawful demands and their silence was their consent to slavery.

And now for the good news - there are remedies for this abominable state of affairs. Yes, it will require some effort on the part of those who desire real freedom - make the truth your own by learning what the law actually says, as written, just who it applies to and operates on. Then you won't have to rely on the misinformed opinions of others, including payroll employees, CPA's and attorneys. This is not as hard as it sounds if you have a 'roadmap'. Every fact and law then becomes a weapon in your Arsenal of Truth to educate others. It is the duty and responsibility of each individual to make their own determinations of liability as only each individual has the personal knowledge of their own fact circumstances.

To end Part 2, let's close with the words of the U.S. Supreme Court: Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 (1906) . Defined the distinction between natural persons and corporations as it pertains to 5th Amendment protections within the U.S. Constitution.

"...we are of the opinion that there is a clear distinction in this particular between an individual and a corporation, and that the latter has no right to refuse to submit its books and papers for an examination at the suit of the state. The individual may stand upon his constitutional rights as a citizen. He is entitled to carry on his private business in his own way. His power to contract is unlimited.

He owes no duty to the state or to his neighbors to divulge his business, or to open his doors to an investigation, so far as it may tend to incriminate him. He owes no such duty to the state, since he receives nothing therefrom, beyond the protection of his life and property. His rights are such as existed by the law of the land long antecedent to the organization of the state, and can only be taken from him by due process of law, and in accordance with the Constitution. Among his rights are a refusal to incriminate himself, and the immunity of himself and his property from arrest or seizure except under a warrant of the law. He owes nothing to the public so long as he does not trespass upon their rights." Don't miss Part 3 as you may be in for more surprises.

Common Law Copyright by David Layton Wilson, November 8, A.D. 2004.

Prove all things, Hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. 5:21

Stand Fast in Your Convictions!

"Whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it." ~ Patrick Henry

Notice To Public Servants

On the night of December 23, 1913 the United States Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act and thereby committed the greatest act of TREASON in history. It surrendered this nation's sovereignty and sold the American people into slavery to a cabal of arch-charlatan international bankers who proceeded to plunder, bankrupt, and conquer this nation with a money swindle. The "money" the banks issue is merely bookkeeping entries. It cost them nothing and is not backed by their wealth, efforts, property, or risk. It is not redeemable except in more debt paper. The Federal Reserve Act forced us to pay compound interest on thin air. We now use worthless "notes" backed by our own credit that we cannot own and are made subject to compelled performance for the "privilege".

From 1913 until 1933, the United States paid the "interest" with more and more gold. The structured inevitability soon transpired: the Treasury was empty, the debt was greater than ever, and the United States declared bankruptcy. In exchange for using notes belonging to bankers who create them out of nothing on our own credit, we are forced to repay in substance (labor, property, land, businesses, resources - life) in ever-increasing amounts. This may be the greatest heist and fraud of all time.

When a government goes bankrupt, it loses its sovereignty. In 1933 the United States declared bankruptcy, as expressed in Roosevelt's Executive Orders 6073, 6102, 6111, and 6260, House Joint Resolution 192 of June 5, 1933, confirmed in Perry v. United States, (1935) 294 U.S. 330-381, 79 L.Ed 912, as well as 31 USC 5112, 5119, and 12 USC 95A.

The bankrupt United States went into receivership, reorganized in favor of 115 creditors and new owners. In 1913, Congress turned over America... lock, stock and barrel to a handful of criminals whose avowed intent from the beginning was to plunder, bankrupt, conquer, and enslave the people of the United States of America and eliminate this nation from the face of the earth. The goal was, and is, to absorb America into a one-world private commercial government, a "New World Order."

With the Erie R.R. v Tompkins case of 1938, the Supreme Court confirmed their success. We are now in an international private commercial jurisdiction in colorable admiralty-maritime under the Law Merchant. We have been conned and betrayed out of our sovereignty, rights, property, freedom, common law, Article III Courts, and our Republic. The Bill of Rights has been statutized into "civil rights" in commerce.

America has been stolen. We have been made slaves, i.e. permanent debtors, bankrupt, in legal incapacity, rendered commercial "persons," "residents," and corporate franchisees known as "citizens of the United States" under the so-called "14th Amendment." Said "Amendment," which was never ratified - see Congressional Record, June 13, 1967; Dyett v. Turner, (1968) 439 P2d 266, 267; State v. Phillips, 1975 (affirmed) - created a citizenship for corporations, abstract statutory entities which are the products and definitions of the legislature and are fully taxable and regulatable thereby. Thomas Jefferson's prophecy has come to pass: "If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of currency... the banks... will deprive the people of all property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered."

Since 1933 what is called the "United States Government" is a privately owned corporation of the Federal Reserve/International Monetary Fund. It is merely an instrument whereby the banksters administer their ongoing subjugation and plunder of what was once considered "the last great hope of human freedom.

" All "public servants," officials, Congressmen, politicians, judges, attorneys, law enforcement officers, States and their various agencies, etc., are the express agents of these foreign principals - see Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938; 22 USC 286 et seq, 263A, 185G, 267J, 611(C) (ii) & (iii); Treasury Delegation Order #91 - who have stolen the country by clever, intentional, and unrelenting fraud, trickery, treachery, non-disclosure, mis-representation, intrigue, coercion, conspiracy, murder (example: the murder of President John F. Kennedy and the continuing cover-up), etc. If there is a greater tragedy in human history it is hard to know what it is.

An insidious aspect of this is that "officials" like you may think you are "public servants," or upholding the "law," or other hoaxes. In truth you are conscientiously and assiduously serving the archenemies of yourselves, your own rights, your fellow citizens, continued... human rights, life, and freedom in general. YOU are seditiously administering the plunder, bankruptcy, conquest, destruction, dismantling, and elimination of your country. YOU are systematically defrauding, extorting, impoverishing, and injuring human life on the basis of crimes and lies of such magnitude, depth, and proportions as to be beyond human comprehension.

By so doing, you are committing TREASON and PERFIDY so immense as "to make the angels weep." If you and your fellow "officials" do not understand the real situation, you are ignorant, naive, deceived, and conned. You are sheer dupes. If you do know and are parties to it, you are guilty of evil and heinous BETRAYAL. You are in such case TRAITORS and CRIMINALS. All of you "in power" are therefore, either fools or knaves, either of which eminently invalidates your "authority" and renders null and void absolutely all-moral obligation to pay allegiance or to obey the TREASONOUS SYSTEM you enforce with such mechanical viciousness.

If, you, "public servants" had any shred left of humanity, awe, heart, clarity, sanity, access to your true being and conscience, you would instantly resign and do everything possible to inform the American people of their plight and help us retrieve our rights and our country. Only by such means can you even begin to atone for your endless crimes against humanity, the lives you so arrogantly and mindlessly butcher with the "meat-grinder of the law."

You DID NOT CREATE the lives you "legally" assault; they DO NOT belong to you. Ignorance of the law - moral and natural law - is no excuse. You cannot engage in bringing harm to life and, like the Nazi's defense at Nuremberg, presume that because you do so under the "authority" of an imaginary, abstract, unreal legal fiction called "government" you are freed of the consequences of your acts. Moral and natural law are not obviated by ignorance, hubris and self-righteous militancy. Your entire system - from the ground up - is deceit and fraud. It is illicit in essence and ab initio. As Broom's Maxims 297, 729 put it: "A right of action cannot arise out of fraud." Honor is earned by honesty and integrity, not under false and fraudulent pretenses. The color of the cloth one wears cannot cover up the usurpations, lies, and treachery. "When black is fraudulently declared to be white, not all will live in darkness."

More and more people are awakening to the truth.

What do you think the American people will do as they discover that they have no more country, that they are slaves to mortal enemies, that they have been tricked and betrayed by their "leaders" who sold them out? What do you think they will do when they realize that all their alleged "public servants" are willing or stupidly compliant parties to the plunder, bankruptcy, subjugation, and ruin of their lives and country?

Thomas Jefferson wrote: "An honest man can feel no pleasure in the exercise of power over his fellow citizens." Lincoln said: "Just as I would not be a slave, neither would I be a master."

I will not participate in your corrupt, arrogant, and cruel fraud, either as perpetrator or victim. The great Indian poet Tagore wrote: "Power takes as ingratitude the writhing of its victims."

I will no longer sit here and writhe. The TYRANNY over this nation MUST END! If you continue with this course, you will have natural and moral law and higher powers to answer to, not to mention all those you have wronged under phony color of law. You will also have your own laws turned against you, as you have turned the law against us. To transform the shield of protection into a sword of exploitation, subjugation, and plunder is perfidy. You have now been placed on notice. All further actions on your part will be willful!

Resolutely, from all Americans who demand their country back

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CICERO

Power and law are not synonymous. In truth, they are frequently in opposition and irreconcilable. There is God's Law from which all equitable laws of man emerge and by which men must live if they are not to die in oppression, chaos and despair. Divorced from God's eternal and immutable Law, established before the founding of the suns, man's power is evil no matter the noble words with which it is employed or the motives urged when enforcing it. Men of good will, mindful therefore of the Law laid down by God, will oppose governments whose rule is by men, and if they wish to survive as a nation they will destroy the government which attempts to adjudicate by the whim of venal judges.

Marcus Tullius Cicero

106-43 B.C.

Author Unknown

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------